Saturday, 14 May 2011

How Will Posterity Treat Osama Bin Laden?


For almost a decade he was the top of the FBI's Ten Most Wanted Fugitives List and the media’s pet bogeyman in the West. 

His death from ”Ballistic Trauma” (being shot in plain English) became a global media event instantly. Planes flying into the twin towers in Manhattan - this iconic image has spread globally and is probably forever associated with Osama Bin Laden. 

What kind of role would posterity give him?



How Osama Bin Laden Became the Big Baddie

Daddy bin Laden was a collossal achiever by any measure. Osama bin Laden’s father, was in illiterate poor lad from a poor area called hadramaut or ”death is among us” in Yemen. This poor lad became the personification of the American dream. He reaches Jeddah, begins as a porter and starts his own construction business to eventually become the favourite royal architect and the richest non-royal in the country. Religious and very loyal to his regal patrons (In 1964 he saved the broke royal house by lending them money when Prince Feisal deposed King Saud), he gave a personal touch to recycling. He divorced almost all of his 22 wives, never keeping more than four at a time.


Daddy bin Laden (on the right) with King Fahd of Saudi Arabia in mid 1990s

He divorced his tenth wife, Osama’s mother, soon after the kid was born. Then daddy (with 54 children) recommends his mother to an associate, who marries her and they have four children. So Osama grows up in a household with three half-brothers and one half-sister. Though attending university, he never got a degree or acquired a profession. Being born very wealthy in Saudi Arabia, one doesn’t even have to think of such banalities as earning one’s living by working.


Photo source: Osama in Oxford, UK on a visit with family in 1971. (second from right)

At 17 Osama or Usama marries his first cousin, a Syrian woman, the first of his six wives, two of whom he would later divorce. He would father 20-26 children with his wives. Here is a link to his family tree.


Photo source: 17 year old Osama Bin Laden with family in Falun, Sweden (second from right)

Osama is seen as handsome, has polite and refined manners, loads of money and is considered gifted. Here begins the central problem of all gifted persons – what do with this gift? He has no role model except daddy, against whom he has to rebel. He can’t direct the fire, the daemon in himself to a cause. He doesn’t have the Moses-like quality of transforming an entire civilization like Kemal Ataturk. He is not willing to personally suffer the hardship of long marches like Mao Tse Tung as he travels always with his retinue of wives and children. 

Osama’s charisma is compelling but he definitely wasn’t an intellectual speaking many languages after personally experiencing the injustices of foreign powers like the swashbuckling Che Guevara in his travels. He seems to lack the spiritual depth of T E Lawrence fighting for the Arab cause. Compared to Muhammad Ahmad (1844-1885), the Mahdi or the Bin Laden of the British Empire, Osma also did not personally lead successful battles. 


Photo Source: Muhammad Ahmad, The Mahdi

So the directionless 19-year-old lad arrives in Afghanistan to join the defensive jihad of the Palestinian Abdullah Yusuf Azzam. The Mujahideen, set up and funded by the USA welcomed him, his sincere and principled devotion and his money. After Soviet Union withdraws in ignominy from Afghanistan, Osama returns to Saudi Arabia a hero. Disappointment creeps in when it dawns upon him that the regime in his own country doesn’t want him. He turns against them. Expelled to Sudan, he becomes the ultimate outsider with no country, no tribe no social class or group to call his own and fight for. He finds his home in an idea of Jihad where innocents can also be slaughtered. 

Though the outsider’s angst and miseries are a prophet’s teething troubles, few become prophets. A person destined to be a prophet, rejects the bustle of society, ventures alone into the desert and descends into himself.  The loneliness may not bring him proximity of his chosen vision of divinity, but he hears in the solitude something more than the echo of the impulse that brought him there.

Osama's Main Target Becomes America

Osama chooses to appear as a prophet, without the schooling of the lonely dark night of the soul. 

Photo source:

He takes over from Ayatolla Khomeini to rant against the moral corruption of America and their allies. His enemies want him to assume that role more than anyone else as it gives them a justification for wars and acts of retaliations. Ironically he becomes more of their creation than his own. Rather than growing to take in life as it is and could be, he becomes a pipe through which events unfold, often in spite of him. His existence and his death ultimately serve them more that his followers.

The war he joins is one of preaching and not of fighting because in preaching he finds his cause. Egoistically he aligns himself to the locus of the moving finger of history, where all great empires crumble under their own megalomania, mostly due to economic, social and moral corruption. This was the undoing of the Soviet Union, with the help of USA, and now it was to be America’s turn.

He would have liked to give America a chance to redeem itself by reconnecting its activities with the lofty idea that is America, the noble vision of the founding fathers. The rulers of America couldn’t care less, he felt, eerily like the unabomber Ted Kaczynski, PhD. This frustration echoes in Osama's statement. 
We were fighting against the communists since 1979, and now the United States was pressuring us to cooperate with those very same communists. The United States has no principles. To achieve its own interest, it forgets every principle.” 
When a person resorts to violence or terrorism against a society, what else does the system do but return the favour! An individual can turn the other cheek, but can a state law enforcement system do so?


American propaganda leaflet in Afghanistan. Bin Laden second from left (note the raised finger).

Towers, Airplanes and America as Important Symbols for Osama’s Life


As a poor boy, Osama’s father had dreamt of building towers and that is how he became rich. He was the first private citizen in Saudi Arabia to own an airplane and was killed in an air crash in Saudi Arabia in 1967, due to the American pilot’s landing error. His eldest half-brother Salem (the next head of the family and who had a British wife) accidentally flew his plane into power lines in San Antonio, Texas and was killed. The iconic image of the planes crashing into the twin towers in New York in 9/11 sealed his fame as the world’s most known baddie.

What do the Jokes About Osama’s Death Reveal?

Most of the American jokes about Osama’s death continue the work of the seals, taking pot-shots at the favourite bogeyman to score domestic political political.
  • "The Republicans are so happy about bin Laden they've granted President Obama full citizenship." —David Letterman
  • "Osama Bin Laden's supporters want to rename the Arabian Sea where his body was dumped Martyr Sea. Really? Martyr Sea? Hiding in your bedroom for six years? How about Chicken of the Sea?" –Jay Leno
  • Breaking News: Donald Trump is now on a quest to see his death certificate...
  • Osama's last words: "Man, I just got my iphone 4, too! How did they find me?"

Here's a pre-Ballistic-trauma joke about Osama
  • Osama Bin Laden seeks out a fortune-teller, since he knows there is a price on his head. The fortune-teller says, "You will die on a major US holiday." 
  • Bin Laden says, "Which one?" 
  • She replies, "Doesn't matter! Whatever day you die, it's gonna be a major US holiday."

The best Osama death joke is from DanaArikane who wrote: "They should have captured Bin Laden alive and made him continually go through airport security for the rest of his life." This would vibe with everyone who goes through airport security.

Deathers probably love this one.
  • "What? Not only did we kill Bin Laden, we killed him in Abottabad! Abottabad sounds like name most New Yorkers would have invented for the fictional place they would have loved to kill Bin Laden." –Jon Stewart

Conspiracy theorists would love this one:
  • Obama overheard during Bin Laden raid: "Are we shooting this in the same studio where we faked the moon landing?"
  • There is a new Cocktail called Osama. 2 Shots and a splash of water!
This one is for people who hate President Obama:
  • Obama - The first black guy that has ever had to convince the world he did do the killing.

In Pakistan and the sub-continent, the Pakistani army are the butt of local jokes.
  • "No honking: the army is asleep" and another read as: "Public Service Message from the Army: Stay alert. Don't rely on us."
  •  
  • "Pakistan radar system for sale: $99.99, buy one, get one free (Can't detect US helicopters but can receive Star Plus.)"

Pakistani blogger Syed Ali Abbas Zaidi posted some of the best bin Laden jokes on his blog: 
  • "It has been recently revealed that Osama bin Laden was a visiting faculty at Pakistan Military Academy, where he was teaching Global Terrorism 101"
  • "Osama Bin Laden's Facebook status has not changed from RIP. It was Resting In Pakistan before".

Not Jokes but Prayers for Osama bin Laden divides Muslims

Though most Muslims did not like Osama or his negative message of hate and violence, some still continue to revere him.

In Kolkata, India, the Shahi Imam of Tipu Sultan mosque, Maulana Nurur Rehman Barkati, held special Friday prayer for the "peace of the soul" of bin Laden.
In Chennai, the imam of a major mosque on Anna Salai Road announced prayers for bin Laden, and many people responded by praying.
The Al-Qaeda has vowed to avenge the killing and so the senseless killing of mostly innocents goes on and on.

Osama as The Frankenstein of the Media Age

When 9/11 happens, Osama denies twice and then almost reluctantly claims responsibility. Later he begins bragging about planning them. He continues his preaching and his stature grows as the media credit him with all kinds of evil acts and machinations. He became the justification for two ongoing wars, though the UK government officially admits that the case against him would not be a prosecutable case in a court of law. 

Interestingly, Osama has played a significant role in US presidential elections. He dutifully turned up when with some kind of diatribe and venomous preaching or evil action whenever there was a need to swing public opinion. So, now he can be killed, sorry, subjected to ballistic trauma, but he can’t be debogyfied. So the pathetic aging man (probably only a citizen of Bosnia at that time) sitting in his luxury home next to Pakistan’s West Point military academy and watching videotapes of himself reading hate messages will continue being the worst of the baddies.


Would historians a century from now be tempted to say that Osama was successful in bringing down not one but two superpowers, the Soviet Union and the USA as the costs of these wars are many trillions of dollars and not even the mighty US economy can bear it for too long? This is extremely unlikely!

The likelihood that he will soon be forgotten and end up as a footnote in history is also very  probable.


Wednesday, 20 April 2011

The Extraordinary Origins of Easter


Easter is the most important religious festival for more than a billion Catholics and Orthodox Christians. Even the non-religious cannot escape noticing Easter in most non-Islamic countries. However, there are many Christians (The Jehovah’s Witnesses and the Quakers) who do not celebrate Easter at all.

Easter day is celebrated as the day when Jesus Christ is said to have resurrected two days after his crucifixion on Good Friday. These events are thought to have taken place between A.D. 26 and 36.


Pagan Origins of Easter

As a festival, Easter is much older than Christianity itself. Many scholars of ancient religions claim that the name Easter originates from the name of the Saxon Goddess Eostre or Ostara. 

  • Some scholars even trace links way back in history to Astarte or Ishtar from Babylon in the Bronze Ages (3300-1200 B.C.). Eostre, Ostara, Astarte and Ishtar were goddesses of fertility, love, war and sex or symbolised dawn. 


  • There is another clue to this link in Old Church Slavonic, where Za ustra means early morning.

A strong claim to this link can be suspected in the dating system of Easter as it was based on the old lunar calendar rather than on the solar calendar. Currently, Easter is generally observed on the first Sunday after the first full moon after the spring equinox.

Easter's Connection to Ancient India

A fascinating twist in the origin of Easter takes the story to India. Barbara G. Walker in The Woman’s Encyclopaedia of Myths and Secrets seems to have found evidence that Saxon poets considered India’s ancient Great Goddess Kali to be the same as Eostre. She quotes from the Old English epic poem Beowulf, from the 8th century A.D. these words “Ganges’s waters, whose waves ride down into an unknown sea near Eostre’s far home.[1]

Strange Easter Customs


As in the Halloween tradition, small kids dress up as witches and collect candy from door to door in exchange of reciting words of blessing the Sunday before Easter in the Nordic countries of Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. 

People in the Hungarian speaking areas in Hungary, Kárpátalja, Southern Slovakia, Serbia and Transylvania exchange Easter eggs for sprinkling perfumed water on Easter Monday or “Watering Monday  (Locsoló Hétfő).

Another Nordic tradition is the paint boiled eggs and gift them to family and friends. Few people guess that this has roots in Iran. This is an ancient tradition from Persia dating to about 3000 B.C. as a symbol of resurrection of summer at spring festivals.

In many countries people light bonfires ("Osterfeuer" in German and in Dutch: "Paasvuur") and some young people often jump over them. Polish people make a lamb like figure out of butter (Baranek wielkanocny) and eat it.

Pagan Origins of Easter Symbols

The Easter Bunny, very bountiful in laying eggs is again a pagan fertility symbol. Its origins can be traced to ancient Egypt. Hathor-Astarte lays the golden egg of the sun.

The Easter lily has even older links. Lilu is the name of the magical genitals of Lillith, the Sumerian creation goddess (5000-6000 years ago), from which the entire creation comes into being.


The most treasured Orthodox hymn/greeting for Easter "Christos Anesti" in Greek, proclaims: 
"Christos Anesti ek nekton, thanato thanaton patsies, kai tis en tis mnimasi zoin harisamenos" 
or 
"Christ is risen from the dead, trampling down death, and to those in the tombs, granting life." 
Are you one of those in the tomb? 

Photo source:

Easter is a time for renewing oneself. To start with, getting out of your tomb would definitely help you.

If we do not run after distractions but drink from the river of silence, we begin to see and to connect. All religion is reflection. 
  • Reflect on the marketeer’s or the leader's promises. Do you define yourself by what you don't have?
  • How do you know that the light at the end of the tunnel is not the headlight of an approaching train?
  • Reflect on what you have already. Gratefulness opens your heart. An open heart lets you see.

A wise or holy person may not lead you to the house of his wisdom but in the interaction you can find your way to the threshold of your own heart. Your own heart is the only tool, which can really set you free and make you happy.

What will you do with the happiness?

Happy Easter!



[1] Goodrich, Norma Lorre. Medieval Myths. New York: New American Library, 1977.

Monday, 21 March 2011

Why Does a Man Call His Spouse His “Better Half ”?

In almost all the cultures of the world, a man would seriously or half jokingly refer to his wife or spouse as his “better half”, la mia dolce metà (Italian), mijn betere helft (Dutch), ma meilleure moitié (French) or meine bessere Hälfte (German)

Even utterly self confident and arrogant male chauvinists have been heard to use this expression. Sometimes the male uses the expression to indicate irony or humour, but more often not.


Dictionary definition of “better half”: (noun) spouse, partner, married person, mate, a person’s partner in marriage.

The emphasis is always on “better” and never on “larger”, “taller” or “richer”. Quality rather than quantity is the criteria of evaluation.



What is the origin of this expression?

Ancient Middle Eastern Origin of the Expression “Better Half”

One theory suggests that the origin of this is in an ancient Middle Eastern legend. When a Bedouin man had been sentenced to death, his wife pleaded with the tribal leader that because they were married, she and her husband had become one, and that to punish one-half of the union would also punish the half who was innocent. The court agreed and the man’s life was saved by his “better half.”




Better Half Also Means Close Friend


The better half doesn’t necessarily need be married to the other person.


This term wasn't originally restricted to referring only to one's spouse as we use it now, but to one’s dearest friend. The Roman poet Horace (65 BC-8 BC) and later Statius (45-96 AD) used it in this meaning. In this case the reference is to a friend so dear that he/she was more than half of a person's being and the person believed that life without the better half would be meaningless or extremely difficult and lonely.
The first use of this phrase in English literature is in the 16th century. Sir Philip Sidney used this phrase to mean spouse, in The Countesse of Pembrokes Arcadia, 1580:
"My deare, my better halfe (sayd hee) I find I must now leaue thee." Source: "The Dictionary of Clichés" by James Rogers (Ballantine Books, New York, 1985).

Concept of Better Half in Other Cultures


In Hinduism, especially in northern India, a wife is known as Patni. This signifies that she shares everything with her husband, including identity, as does he. A wife is also known as ardhangini or half of the anga or body. In Tamil, a wife is called Manaivee, which means head of the household.

The concept of ardhangini probably comes from Ardhanarishvara. This is the androgynous form of the Hindu deity Shiva with his consort Shakti fused in one body. This symbolises that the male principle Purusha and female principle prakriti cannot exist without each other.



Do Close People Begin Resembling Each Other Over Time?



Many people observe that couples that are very close and have been together for a lifetime actually start resembling each other physically. Psychologists have put this observation to scientific scrutiny

Increases in facial similarity results mainly from long periods of shared emotions, according to Robert Zajonc, a psychologist at the University of Michigan, who researched the topic. 

The research results reveal that empathy is the key factor. When partners empathise, the partners tend to copy the facial expressions. This creates similar facial patterns of wrinkles and furrows on their faces and creates the eerie resemblance to each other.

Can this similarity in physical appearance also be evidenced in close friends who have been close friends for long years without having a conjugal relationship?




Wednesday, 9 February 2011

The Real Players Behind the Egyptian Uprising

Egypt, once again is on fire.

Is it a revolution by the dissatisfied local people, a manifestation of overdue transfer of power from a long-sitting iron-fisted ruler to his chosen offspring or outside influences fomenting up trouble in order to secure and further their own strategic interests?

Will the courage of a people, defying death and torture and against much odds succeed in changing the stream of an ancient civilization, once again?

Is the inspiration of Poland’s Solidarity movement or Ukraine’s Orange Revolution about to change Egypt in a new direction or will it just fizzle out while the world gasps in the short span of 21st century media attention?

Egypt does matter, even if one chooses not to care. The Suez Canal, in Egyptian territory, handles about 10% of the entire shipping of the world. Closing it would add 12 days to Saudi tankers taking oil to Houston, Texas or add 57% shipping costs to France.
Let’s take a look at all the parties involved.

The Incumbent


President Hosni Mubarak, the 82-year-old fourth military president of the Arab Republic of Egypt with 79 million people has been in office since 1981. He has kept Egypt under emergency rule for all the years.

Rampant corruption, imprisoning political opponents (especially young voices) without trials and unconditional arrests with tortures – the standard tricks of dictators, all abound in Mubarak’s Egypt. Transparency International claims that Egypt stays at the weak position 111 out of 180 countries in the corruption index. 30% of Egyptians are below 25 years of age. 90% of Egypt’s unemployed are the young. Mubarak dismissed the government, appointed the former Air Force chief Ahmed Shafik as prime minister. Omar Suleiman, called by Daily Telegraph one of the ”The Most Powerful Spy Chiefs in the world” as his vice president.

Mubarak probably understands that at 82, his time is over. His henchmen, dependent on his power and significant wealth wouldn’t like him to go. So, his interest is a transfer of power to his son. This worked fine in Syria. That not being possible, another option is to empower someone else as a proxy, and then the son steps in later. This way the current foreign powers supporting his regime are satisfied, agitators go home and life goes on. For Mubarak, the most likely but worst case scenario is having to step down. Then, he has to secure a deal from the next ruler/s that he and his clan will be immune from prosecution as Boris Yeltsin got an assurance from Vladimir Putin of Russia in 1999, and which Putin honoured.




Kefaya/Kifaya (meaning ”enough”) the Egyptian Movement for Change (el-Haraka el-Masreyya men agl el-Taghyeer) is a grassroots level coalition, which includes Nasserites, Islamists, Liberals, Marxists, Secularists as well as non-political sections of the population, especially the youth. Their chief concern is to stem the corruption and prevent a transfer of power to President Hosni Mubarak’s son Gamal Mubarak so that there is real change in Egypt.





The largest and oldest Islamic political group in the world, which began in Egypt in 1928, is involved in extensive social work and is vocally opposed to violence and terrorism. Their goal is to establish the Qur’an and Sunnah (refers to the sayings and living habits of Prophet Muhammad) to cover all aspects of Muslim individual, family, community and state life in Egypt. They also strongly believe that Western Civilization is fast declining and Islamic civilization will strengthen to achieve its manifest destiny in an empire possibly spanning from Spain to Indonesia

Naturally, all pro-Western corrupt regimes in these countries have to make way to an Islamic Caliphate. The movement is banned in Egypt though their candidates won 20% of all seats in the 2005 elections as independents.





Egyptian Facebook group started by Ahmed Maher and Ahmed Salah to support workers in El-Mahalla El-Kubra, who were planning a strike on April 6th. This soon gathered 70 000 mostly educated young non-political members, who were concerned about free speech, nepotism and corruption of the regime and the stagnant economy in Egypt.




A loose group of different sections of society, especially the young educated desiring to change Egypt. Mohamed ElBaradei, the former director the International Atomic Energy Agency and 2005 Nobel Peace Prize winner founded it. Their main goals are constitutional reform, fair elections, transparency in governance and free press.

Foreign Powers


Israel is very scared that a new regime might not honour the peace treaty Egypt has with Israel and set a very bad example. Iran is extremely anxious to get their way of living, seeing and doing things catch on in Egypt. China, very concerned about access to Egypt’s resources and strategic position promptly restricted coverage of Egyptian protests in their media and blocked searches of “Egypt”. With similar vested interests EU, India, Japan and Western nations do what they are best at doing in such situations, express concern and talk about a peaceful resolution to the situation. The Russian leaders gain points from their own people as they express huge concern for Russians living in Egypt.

As supporters of President Mubarak’s regime, USA is deeply involved and been accused of meddling, primarily by people who accuse them of meddling every time something disturbing happens. Ralph Nader in The Guardian rather naughtily suggests that the US response is a standard pattern. As with Ceausescu, Marcos, Duvalier and Suharto, Washington maintains support until the alliance becomes untenable, then Washington hails the overthrow, all the while ensuring that the next regime will continue as before. 

Nobody has, to date, accused North Korea, Wikileaks, the IMF, Doku Umarov – the Chechen separatist or the Al-Qaeda as being responsible for what is happening in Egypt.

Thursday, 20 January 2011

Sinkhole, Wormhole or Portal to the underworld?

A gaping hole suddenly appears swallowing everything there was on top of it. Entire houses, parts of roads, trees, cars everything there was on top disappears in the seemingly bottomless void. 

It was an eerie experience to visit such a sinkhole in the middle of Guatemala City. It was approximately 18 metres wide and 100 metres deep (can't see the bottom).

Photo source: Rana Sinha

Soldiers guarding the area around the sinkholes would not allow us near citing “security reasons”.  One uniformed guy even hinted at access in exchange for 'tips'. Then our ever-resourceful taxidriver in Guatemala City, Byron, found a way for us to get near. He found one house, where the owner let us climb to her roof. From there we jumped from roof to roof till we were very near the edge of the agujero to take the photo above. Grateful thanks to Byron and the lovely and kind house owner.


Byron, the resourceful taxidriver/guide/problem-solver in Guatemala City. 
Photo source: Rana Sinha

Two Sinkholes in One City - Guatemala City

Guatemala city has two sinkholes. The one above, which appeared in 2010 and another one below appeared in 2007. Here's another view of the sinkhole above.


Photo source

Entire houses disappeared and the tropical storm Agatha and a bad drainage system were promptly blamed. Experts like Geologist Sam Bonis say that these two are not proper sinkholes as they did not form due to the dissolution of any form of carbonated rock by water as Guatemala City does not have these under it. ”Piping pseudokarst” or Quarternary volcanic deposits crumbling due to erosion caused by leaking water mains is the real explanation given by experts.



Sinkholes Appear All Over the Planet

There are many sinkholes in the world. The largest in the world is Xiaozhai Tiankeng in Chongqing, China with a depth of 662 m and with nearly vertical walls.


The tiny plane on the top right-hand corner is a Boeing 747 jumbo jet. 
Photo source:

Sinkholes have appeared all over the planet. There are nine lakes called the Bottomless lakes near Roswell, New Mexico. The Yucatan peninsula has a lot of sinkholes, used as watering holes from the earliest Maya civilization times.

The most beautiful of the sinkholes is undoubtedly the Blue hole of Belize, which is 300 metres across and 124 metres deep. It is the only sinkhole to be declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site.




El Zacatón in Tamaulipas, Mexico is the deepest water-filled sinkhole in the world at 339 metres. 9 new classes of microbes were discovered there at depths of up to 270 metres. Sima Humboldt in Venezuela is the largest sandstone sinkhole with a depth of 314 m and the forest grows at the bottom of the hole.



Photo source:

There are no confirmed or unconfirmed sightings or reports to support the Wormhole or Portal to the Underworld theory. There are not even rumours that the North Korean military, the Illuminati, Barbara Bush, Michael Jackson (who didn't really die after all) or agencies (so secret that they themselves don't know that they exist) deep within the US government have any links to these.




New sinkholes appearing is good news for panspermia fans or aspiring Von Dänikens: At depths where sunlight or any other light never reaches, three new phyla of bacteria were discovered. This ”proves” that life can exist in planetary bodies in new forms and conditions we can’t even begin to imagine. So, all aliens may not necessarily look like ET, speak American English or fly around on bicycles using their superior mind-power.

How Sinkholes are called in Different Languages

They have many names in English. A sink, shake hole, swallow hole, swallet, doline, cenote or the most common name used is sinkhole. Black hole is used for only one of them, the Andros Black Hole in the Bahamas.
  • In Guatemala they are called agujero
  • In the USA the term used is sinkhole.
  • Cenote is the word for them in Yucatan, but elsewhere in Mexico the word is Sótano. The word probably originates in Yucatec Maya dzonot or ts’onot meaning ”well”.  
  • Doline, is the German and French names for sinkholes. 
  • Dolina in Spanish and Italian. 
  • Карстовая воронка or karstovoy varonka in Russian. 
  • The Polish have a typically Polish name, though with only a few consonants Lej krasowy. 
  • Not to be left behind, the Hungarians calls it Víznyelő in Hungarian.
  • Tiankeng in Chinese means ”heavenly pit” or ”sky hole”.  This would suggest a heavenly origin to the hole, perhaps a meteorite, finger of God or similar intervention. Why should this type of phenomenon be called by a Chinese name? Because 6 out of the top ten and 50 of the largest 75 of these sinkhole are found in China.  


If you want to dig deeper into sinkholes, here is a great and resourceful site

A very detailed explanation of the sinkhole phenomenon is posted in the website of the USGS Water-Science School.


If you need to build on a sinkhole here is a good book with tips and guidance by Professor George F. Sowers